What are Hepatobiliary Diseases and Its Causes

Hepatobiliary diseases are the group of heterogeneous diseases of the liver and biliary system. It is mainly caused by viral, parasitic infections, alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and lots more. The most common diseases of the liver are viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. It the predominant chronic disease of the biliary system is cholelithiasis. 

There are two major varieties of gallstones which are composed primarily because of cholesterol. Cholelithiasis is associated with cholecystitis don’t cause death but they are frequently admitted in hospital and have a Hepatabiliar removal surgery. 

The physiological abnormality is the core formation of gallstones in the accumulation of bile supersaturated with cholesterol. The super saturation occurs when there is a high rate of cholesterol secretion, a reduced bile acid pool, Low secretion of phospholipids and low rate bile acid secretion.
Obesity also the main cause of gallstones due to increase in cholesterol secretion into bile. There is no denying fact that high cholesterol intake would increase cholesterol secretion into the bile and increase the risk of gallstones. Gastrointestinal disorders that impair bile acids also increase the risk of gallstone formation. 

Cirrhosis of the liver is chronic and it’s a relentlessly progressive disease. It is normally characterised by the loss of normal liver structure, impairment, fibrosis and regeneration of disorganised liver lobules. These changes usually occur due to resulting in liver failure.
Cirrhosis is caused by viral hepatitis, obstructive lesions of the biliary system, congestive heart failure, hemochromatosis or regular alcohol consumption. Surgeons have frequently failed to attribute the liver cirrhosis to alcohol because of the social stigma attached to alcohol, but the estimate proportion of death is related to alcohol. 

There is a high rate of alcohol consumption due to social and economic factors. There is the growth of mortality rate from cirrhosis. It is possible to reverse early stage of cirrhosis but advanced stages are relentless progressive. The only solution to this problem is limiting the consumption of alcohol. There is also a nutritional deficiency among alcoholics. According to research alcohol produces liver toxicity independently of the adverse effect of nutrient deficiencies. 

The major determinants of the effect of alcohol on tissue are the duration and intensity of alcohol and its metabolism. The genetic control of cirrhosis is quite related to alcohol metabolising enzymes.