PLASTIC SURGERY

Plastic Surgery:
Plastic surgery is defined as a medical specialty concerned with the "correction" or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, plastic surgery is not necessarily cosmetic; and includes many types of reconstructive surgery, Craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns.
Skin grafts can be taken from the recipient or donors:

• Allografts are taken from a donor of the same species.
• Xenografts are taken from a donor of a different species.
• Autografts are taken from the recipient. If absent or deficient of natural tissue, alternatives can be cultured sheets of epithelial cells in vitro or synthetic compounds, such as integra, which consists of silicone and bovine tendon collagen with glycosaminoglycans.

Usually, good results are expected from plastic surgery that emphasizes careful planning of incisions so that they fall in the line of natural skin folds or lines, appropriate choice of wound closure, use of best available suture materials, and early removal of exposed sutures so that the wound is held closed by buried sutures.
Reconstructive Surgery:
Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance.
The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction. Some other common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent.
Cosmetic surgery:
Aesthetic plastic surgery involves techniques intended for the "enhancement" of appearance through surgical and medical techniques, and is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal.
On average, 30% of all patients seeking regenerative procedures such as eye lifts and face lifts are men. In addition, data from the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery states that male plastic surgery has increased 121% over the past 10 years.
The most common cosmetic surgeries are breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty.
Other Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Procedures Include:

• Abdominoplasty - tummy tuck
• Blepharoplasty - eyelid surgery
• Phalloplasty
• Mammoplasty:
• - Breast augmentations - breast implant or "boob job"
• - Reduction mammoplasty - breast reduction
• - Mastopexy - breast lift
• Buttock augmentation - butt implant
• - Buttock lift: lifting, and tightening of the buttocks
• Chemical peel: minimizing the appearance of acne, chicken pox, and other scars as well as wrinkles
• Labiaplasty: surgical reduction and reshaping of the labia
• Lip enhancement: surgical improvement of lips' fullness through enlargement
• Rhinoplasty - nose job
• Otoplasty - ear surgery and ear pinning
• Rhytidectomy - face lift - removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face
• - Browplasty - brow lift or "forehead lift"
• - Midface lift - cheek lift - tightening of the cheeks
• Suction-assisted lipectomy - liposuction - removal of fat from the body
• Chin augmentation - chin implant augmentation of the chin with an implant
• Cheek augmentation - cheek implant
• Orthognathic Surgery: manipulation of the facial bones through controlled fracturing
• Fillers injections: collagen, fat, and other tissue filler injections, such as hyaluronic acid
• Laser skin resurfacing

Craniofacial Surgery:
Craniofacial surgery is divided into pediatric and adult craniofacial surgery. Pediatric craniofacial surgery mostly revolves around the treatment of congenital anomalies of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissues, such as cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis, and pediatric fractures. Adult craniofacial surgery deals mostly with fractures and secondary surgeries (such as orbital reconstruction) along with orthognathic surgery.
Plastic Surgeon Qualifications:
Diploma
After medical school, all surgeons must go through years of hands-on training, residency programs, and specialty training. Licenses represent a bare minimum of qualifications. They are state-issued, but are not specialty-specific; they merely allow an individual to provide a public medical service. So while a diploma and license are required, they do not prove that you have found a board certified plastic surgery source.
Board certified
A term used frequently, but which professional societies determine their qualifications. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), for example, requires a proven level of competence, such as 6 years of training and surgical experience, as well as 3 years of plastic surgery experience. They also have ethical and professional standards.
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